Private Law
Yasser Gholami; Meysam Javadi; Mohammad Bagher Moghaddasi
Abstract
The enforcement of verdict is the most important stage of the litigation process in which attempted to execution of the verdict through the introduction and identification of the property of losing party. In this regard, a large part of the Civil Verdicts Enforcement Act and the Execution Method of Financial ...
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The enforcement of verdict is the most important stage of the litigation process in which attempted to execution of the verdict through the introduction and identification of the property of losing party. In this regard, a large part of the Civil Verdicts Enforcement Act and the Execution Method of Financial Convictions Act dedicated to this issue. A look to these laws shows that laws generally recognize customary objective property and stated the manner in which the judgment debt can be executed from there. However, in the last decade, following the development of new technologies, digital currencies have emerged as rivals of real currencies and have gained public acceptance. Although laws on these currencies has not been approved in Iranian legal System so far, but the doctrine and judicial procedure has issued that these currencies is property. In this regard, this question arises if at the time of execution of the verdict, digital currency identified and introduced - as the property of the losing property– does the convict can be executed from these currencies? According to the results of this research, the answer to this question is yes. This study, after mentioning an introduction on the nature of digital currencies, deals with the issue of the ability to identify, seize and sell digital currencies and some of its important sub-categories. Although the relevant laws do not provide for a regulation on these currencies, the implementation of judicial rulings from these currencies will be facilitated by relying on the general principles governing the implementation of rulings and the formulation of transparent rules in the future and training of judges. It will prevent the fragmentation of procedures. This research tries to answer the issues that are raised in the implementation of court rulings from the place of digital currencies in a descriptive-analytical method.
HASSAN LOTFI; Yasser Ghollami
Abstract
From several decades ago the legislator nationalizes all the land and building of the jungle lands and grasslands because of the enforcement of sovereign. Therefore, those kinds of lands because of being recognized as jungle or grassland were called national lands. Following the act of legislator, a ...
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From several decades ago the legislator nationalizes all the land and building of the jungle lands and grasslands because of the enforcement of sovereign. Therefore, those kinds of lands because of being recognized as jungle or grassland were called national lands. Following the act of legislator, a lawsuit under the title of lawsuit objection to the recognition of national land was formed in our legal system which enjoys special complexity because of the multiplicity of plaintiffs and defendants. Accordingly, having given a description of national land and explaining its aspects the present essay along with element of relief has reckoned and considered the plaintiffs of lawsuit in five groups (Land owners, garden and installment owners, public legal personality, farmers owning nasaqi lands and non-governmental organization) and the defendants in three groups (Natural resources of city offices, land owners and garden and installment owners and farmers owning nasaqi land and housing and urban development organization).